Science Podcast In this week's show: Large deposits of frozen CO2 on Mars, cheaper high-performance fuel cell catalysts, cleaning up the Ganges River, and more. Listen now.
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In this week's issue:
Editorial
EPA in the Crosshairs
William L. Chameides
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/397
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol332/issue6028/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol332/issue6028/twil.dtl
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/402-a
Around the World
In science news around the world this week, officials with Tokyo Electric Power Co. say it could take up to 9 months to end the threat of radioactive releases from the stricken reactors at Fukushima Daiichi, researchers have released new criteria for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease, some 30 ring-tailed lemurs are headed to a private island, deep-sea drilling is 50 years old, a promising HIV strategy has fallen short in trials in Africa, a Canadian safe-injection facility has been found to cut the death rate from overdoses, and the 2011 U.S. federal budget will create a key satellite data gap in 2017.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/402-b
Random Sample
This week, researchers unveiled the fourth dimension with gigapixel time-lapse movies stitched together from ultrahigh-resolution panoramas assembled from multiple images. A 3-by-4.5-meter ceramic sculpture of a coral reef is being displayed in the marble foyer of the U.S. Department of Commerce in Washington, D.C., to promote marine conservation. And this week's numbers quantify new funds committed to the planned UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation and the growth of scientific publication by China-based researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/403
Newsmakers
This week's Newsmakers are Lewis R. Binford, champion of the use of the scientific method in archaeology, who died 11 April at the age of 79, and Patricia Ann Jacobs and David Page, winners of this year's March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology, which honors scientific research aimed at improving the health of babies.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/404-a
Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol332/issue6028/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
How Science Eluded the Budget Ax—For Now
When details of the 11th-hour budget compromise that kept the U.S. government running emerged last week, it became clear that science programs fared relatively well.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/407
Controversy Follows Pricey Space Station Experiment to Launch Pad
If all goes as planned, next Friday, NASA's space shuttle Endeavor will carry a massive particle detector to the international space station, some 17 years after the mission was proposed.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/408
Spate of Suicides Roils University, Jeopardizing Academic Reforms
Aggressive measures to improve education quality at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea's equivalent of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, are being blamed in part for the suicide of a sophomore on 7 April.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/410
More Megaquakes on the Way? That Depends on Your Statistics
Could the earthquake that hit off Indonesia 6 years ago somehow have touched off a cluster of great earthquakes spanning the Pacific, including the magnitude-9.0 "megaquake" that just struck off Japan? And if so, has this cluster played itself out? Experts differ.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/411
News Focus
A Remedy at Last for the Ailing Ganges?
After decades of futility, a charismatic civil engineer's campaign to clean the polluted river is poised for a breakthrough.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/412
Are Telomere Tests Ready for Prime Time?
Companies are offering tests to gauge the length of telomeres, which they say may foretell our health. But some researchers question how useful they will be.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/414
Beneath a Barren Steppe, a Mongolian Surprise
A massive settlement in the Orkhon Valley in central Mongolia and a host of others nearby have been found to date from the 8th and 9th centuries C.E., the time of the Uigher empire, which was not known to have built large settlements in this remote area, researchers reported at the Society for American Archaeology meeting.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/416-a
Early Farmers Went Heavy on the Starch
A U.S.-German team is gathering the first comprehensive evidence that the earliest farmers in the Levant ate a wide variety of plants, including starchy tubers, which may have allowed them to experiment with grain cultivation without fear of starvation, the team reported at the Society for American Archaeology meeting.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/416-b
Searching for Syphilis's Origins
Researchers reported at the Society for American Archaeology meeting that they have pinpointed the presence of bejel, a relative of syphilis, in the New World before Columbus—and that the wrecks of Japanese junks suggest a mechanism for its transmission from Asia to North America.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/417
Letters
Recognizing Conservation Success
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6028/419-a
New Mosquito Subgroup Breeds Questions
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6028/419-b
Response—New Mosquito Subgroup Breeds Questions
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6028/420
Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6028/421
Books et al.
On Cancer and People
Thoru Pederson
The winner of the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction blends a historical survey of cancer and Mukherjee's "coming of age as an oncologist."
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/423-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 15 April 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/423-b
Policy Forum
Restoration Seed Banks—A Matter of Scale
D. J. Merritt and K. W. Dixon
Seed banks must shift from being "stamp-collections" of species to collections that can provide tons of seeds and the expertise to improve restoration efforts.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/424
Perspectives
A Cardiac Nonproliferation Treaty
Michael D. Schneider
Two cell signaling pathways converge to restrain the proliferation of muscle cells in the mammalian heart.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/426
Progranulin Resolves Inflammation
H. Wu and R. M. Siegel
A molecule binds to a cytokine receptor and limits the cytokine from eliciting inflammatory responses by immune cells.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/427
Revealing the Gamma-Ray Jet in a Black Hole Binary
Martin J. Hardcastle
New techniques in polarization measurement allow gamma-ray emission from a black hole binary in the Milky Way to be associated with a jet.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/429
A Faster Water Cycle
Gabriel J. Bowen
Fossil teeth from marine mammals suggest that the tropical water cycle sped up during the Eocene.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/430
Time-Lapse Transcription
G. Nair and A. Raj
RNA transcription rates can randomly vary in a single cell over time.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/431
Research Articles
Glutamate Receptor–Like Genes Form Ca2+ Channels in Pollen Tubes and Are Regulated by Pistil D-Serine
E. Michard et al.
Amino acid modulation of Ca2+ signaling guides growth of plant pollen tubes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/434
Reports
Polarized Gamma-Ray Emission from the Galactic Black Hole Cygnus X-1
P. Laurent et al.
This gamma-ray emission originates from a jet of relativistic particles that is formed in close proximity to the black hole.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/438
Selective, Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers
A. G. Sergeev and J. F. Hartwig
A catalyst that cleaves aryl-oxygen bonds but not carbon-carbon bonds may help improve lignin processing.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/439
High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Derived from Polyaniline, Iron, and Cobalt
G. Wu et al.
Fuel cell catalysts synthesized from abundant metals approach the performance and durability of platinum at lower cost.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/443
Highly Regioselective Amination of Unactivated Alkanes by Hypervalent Sulfonylimino-
3-Bromane
M. Ochiai et al.
A highly reactive bromine-based reagent can add nitrogen to hydrocarbons without the need for metal catalysts.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/448
Global Trends in Wind Speed and Wave Height
I. R. Young et al.
Wind speeds over the world’s oceans have increased over the past two decades, as have wave heights.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/451
Latitudinal Gradients in Greenhouse Seawater 
18O: Evidence from Eocene Sirenian Tooth Enamel
M. T. Clementz and J. O. Sewall
Tooth enamel from fossil marine mammals shows that the middle latitudes were wetter in the past than they are today.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/455
Hippo Pathway Inhibits Wnt Signaling to Restrain Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Heart Size
T. Heallen et al.
Heart size is controlled through an antagonistic interaction between Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/458
Protein Tyrosine Kinase Wee1B Is Essential for Metaphase II Exit in Mouse Oocytes
J. S. Oh et al.
Cyclin degradation is not the only mechanism that controls the exit of mouse oocytes from meiosis.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/462
A Midzone-Based Ruler Adjusts Chromosome Compaction to Anaphase Spindle Length
G. Neurohr et al.
The degree of chromosome condensation can be modulated within cells to ensure proper segregation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/465
DNA Synthesis Generates Terminal Duplications That Seal End-to-End Chromosome Fusions
M. R. Lowden et al.
The fate of chromosomes that become catastrophically fused at their ends is revealed in the nematode worm.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/468
Mammalian Genes Are Transcribed with Widely Different Bursting Kinetics
D. M. Suter et al.
Real-time monitoring of gene expression reveals transcription kinetics of mammalian genes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/472
Real-Time Observation of Transcription Initiation and Elongation on an Endogenous Yeast Gene
D. R. Larson et al.
In yeast, the initiation of gene expression is stochastic and is controlled by transcription factor search times.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/475
The Growth Factor Progranulin Binds to TNF Receptors and Is Therapeutic Against Inflammatory Arthritis in Mice
W. Tang et al.
A growth factor protects against arthritis in mice by blocking tumor necrosis factor–dependent signaling.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/478
Proteoglycan-Specific Molecular Switch for RPTP
Clustering and Neuronal Extension
C. H. Coles et al.
One receptor binds two different types of proteoglycan at the same site but with divergent outcomes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6028/484
Departments
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/489-a
Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6028/489-b
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