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In this week's issue:
Editorial
The Young Academy Movement
Bruce Alberts
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/283
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol332/issue6027/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol332/issue6027/twil.dtl
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/288-a
Around the World
In science news around the world this week, a gene that causes bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics has been found in drinking water in New Delhi, Japan is expanding the evacuation zone around the stricken Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors, U.S. officials have reached an agreement on spending, funding for public agricultural research in sub-Saharan Africa is increasing, and scientists now have two x-ray lasers—almost.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/288-b
Newsmakers
This week's Newsmakers are classical archaeologist Friederike Fless, who last month became the first woman to head the German Archaeological Institute, and Baruch Blumberg, winner of the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1976 for discovering the hepatitis B virus and inventing a vaccine against it, who died on 5 April at age 85.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/289-a
Random Sample
In a monthlong exhibition beginning 3 May at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London called "Beyond Entropy," eight interdisciplinary groups explore the second law of thermodynamics in the context of sound, electricity, heat, and gravitational potential energy. And this week's numbers quantify the height of Japan's 11 March tsunami and the percentage of U.S. universities where the average faculty salary decreased in 2010–2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/289-c
Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol332/issue6027/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
Research Holds Up Well In Final 2011 Agreement
When the dust settles on the spending bill—negotiated just an hour before the federal government would have shut down last week—scientists can breathe more easily. U.S. research agencies were largely spared from deep cuts in current spending.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/291
Fukushima Radiation Creates Unique Test of Marine Life's Hardiness
Monitoring seafood and fish taken from the waters around the leaking Fukushima Daiichi plant makes sense, according to radiation geochemists, but they warn against overreacting to the perceived risk of ocean contamination.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/292
Outlook Brightens for Plastic Solar Cells
In early April, Mitsubishi Chemical reportedly set a new efficiency record, producing organic solar cells with a 9.2% conversion efficiency. Many researchers in the field are confident that the figure could soon top 10% and possibly reach 15%.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/293
Chinese Neurosurgeons Quietly Push for Easing of Brain Operation Ban
At a World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery meeting last month, researchers and neurosurgeons sought to clarify which brain operations for psychiatric conditions should be allowed and which should be experimental or off-limits.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/294
Tennessee House Bill Opens Door to Challenges to Evolution, Climate Change
U.S. science educators are wringing their hands over what they characterize as a significant legislative victory for those who oppose the teaching of evolution.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/295
A Sign of New Particles or General Restlessness?
Last week, news spread that scientists in the United States may have spotted a bit of matter unlike any seen before. But even as they contemplate the implications, physicists are taking the result with a grain of salt.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/296
Frightening Risk of Marfan Syndrome, and Potential Treatment, Elucidated
In this week's issue of Science, researchers parse the molecular cascades that lead to aneurysms in Marfan syndrome, shedding light on why the blood pressure drug losartan looks so promising and potential avenues for the development of new treatments.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/297
News Focus
Uncertain Future for Tropical Ecology
Three premier research outfits are scaling back ambitions—and struggling to maintain local staffs as funds grow scarce.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/298
Do Jumping Genes Spawn Diversity?
The data are clear. Transposable elements move in developing brain cells. But the question remains: Does the brain tolerate them or take advantage of them?
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/300
Asteroid Model Shows Early Life Suffered a Billion-Year Battering
Geologists and planetary scientists at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference reported evidence of a prolonged pummeling by huge asteroids several billion years ago that would have dwarfed the one that killed off the dinosaurs.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/302-a
Prime Science Achieved at Asteroid
At the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Japanese researchers announced that detailed analyses of the sample the Hayabusa spacecraft returned from asteroid Itokawa have confirmed that the most common type of meteorite falls to Earth from a class of asteroids long cloaked by a mysterious discoloration.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/302-b
Snapshots From the Meeting
Snapshots from the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference include briny flows and new crater-forming meteorite hits on Mars.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/303-a
A Badly Battered Vesta Awaits Dawn's Arrival
A group of impact modelers argued at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference that the object that crashed into asteroid Vesta—the asteroid belt's second-most-massive body—and reshaped its geology was eight times as massive as previously thought.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/303-b
Letters
Putting the Ocean Under Review
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6027/305-a
Low-Dose Radiation Knowledge Worth the Cost
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6027/305-b
The Risks and Benefits of Re-Consent
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6027/306-a
Response—The Risks and Benefits of Re-Consent
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6027/306-b
Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6027/306-c
Books et al.
58 Ways of Looking at a Blackberry
Christopher Kelty
Surveying the origins and impacts of different forms of communication, Poe provides a fresh approach to understanding the history of media.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/307
Genes in Police Files
Michael A. Goldman
Krimsky and Simoncelli build a convincing case that a cautious approach to forensic DNA data banks is essential to protect constitutional rights.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/308-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 08 April 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/308-b
Policy Forum
Genomics, Biobanks, and the Trade-Secret Model
R. Mitchell et al.
An alternative to traditional informed-consent approaches to human subjects could provide flexibility and increased participation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/309
Perspectives
Photosynthesis, Reorganized
M. J. West-Eberhard et al.
Comparative physiology suggests that reorganization and co-option of ancestral traits drove diversification of C4 and CAM photosynthesis.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/311
Cytonemes Show Their Colors
M. Affolter and K. Basler
In developing Drosophila, cells create extensions dedicated to specific signaling pathways.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/312
Make It Quantum and Continuous
Philippe Grangier
Robust teleportation of a fragile Schrödinger's-cat state was achieved with nonclassical wave-like states of light.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/313
Another Spin on Graphene
Antonio H. Castro Neto
Electrical measurements on graphene reveal further exotic electronic properties of this one-atom-thick material.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/315
A Frontal Challenge for Climate Models
Raffaele Ferrari
An unusually detailed portrait of an ocean front off Japan could help improve climate predictions.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/316
Research Articles
Enhanced Turbulence and Energy Dissipation at Ocean Fronts
E. D’Asaro et al.
Energy in surface ocean currents can dissipate into deep water via enhanced turbulence at the boundaries between water masses.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/318
Structure of an Agonist-Bound Human A2A Adenosine Receptor
F. Xu et al.
Changes associated with conformationally selective agonist binding shed light on G protein–coupled receptor activation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/322
Reports
Giant Nonlocality Near the Dirac Point in Graphene
D. A. Abanin et al.
Unusual transport in graphene may be a consequence of the propagation of long-range charge-neutral currents.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/328
Teleportation of Nonclassical Wave Packets of Light
N. Lee et al.
Teleportation is demonstrated with bunches of photons.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/330
Enhanced Enantioselectivity in Excitation of Chiral Molecules by Superchiral Light
Y. Tang and A. E. Cohen
Light waves tuned to rotate more sharply than circularly polarized light can better discriminate between chiral molecules.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/333
Deterministic Preparation of a Tunable Few-Fermion System
F. Serwane et al.
Optical traps are used to prepare up to 10 cold lithium atoms to be used for simulating few-body fermionic systems.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/336
A Bicycle Can Be Self-Stable Without Gyroscopic or Caster Effects
J. D. G. Kooijman et al.
A new bicycle design points to the importance of mass distribution for stability.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/339
DNA Origami with Complex Curvatures in Three-Dimensional Space
D. Han et al.
Rationally introduced crossover positions bend networks of double-helical DNA strands into complex shapes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/342
Phonemic Diversity Supports a Serial Founder Effect Model of Language Expansion from Africa
Quentin D. Atkinson
Analysis of word sounds suggests that language originated once, in central and southern Africa.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/346
Interplay Between Changing Climate and Species’ Ecology Drives Macroevolutionary Dynamics
T. H. G. Ezard et al.
Fossil records show that speciation and extinction are influenced by interaction with other species and with the environment.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/349
pH-Dependent Gating in a FocA Formate Channel
W. Lü et al.
Transport of formate through a pentameric channel is gated by pH-dependent conformational changes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/352
Specificity of Drosophila Cytonemes for Distinct Signaling Pathways
S. Roy et al.
Signaling protein receptors are segregated into different cell protrusions in Drosophila cells.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/354
Noncanonical TGFβ Signaling Contributes to Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Marfan Syndrome Mice
T. M. Holm et al.
Transforming growth factor–β promotes aortic aneurysm formation through activation of its "noncanonical" signaling pathway.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/358
Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Signaling Attenuates Aortic Aneurysm in Mice Through ERK Antagonism
J. P. Habashi et al.
Transforming growth factor–β promotes aortic aneurysm formation through activation of its "noncanonical" signaling pathway.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/361
Sequential Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition Shape Readiness Discharge for Voluntary Behavior
K. Kagaya and M. Takahata
In crayfish, specific neurons produce electrical activity in synchrony with different phases of the walking pattern.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6027/365
Departments
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/369-a
Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6027/369-b
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