Science Podcast In this week's show: Paleoindian seafaring, a Nipah virus outbreak in Bangladesh, peeling graphene, and more. Listen now.
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In this week's issue:
Editorial
Research Vital to Economic Growth
Raymond L. Orbach
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1113
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6021/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6021/twil.dtl
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1118-a
Around the World
In science news around the world this week, foreign researchers are abandoning field sites in Libya, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of a vaccinemaker, Peru is cracking down on illegal gold-mining operations, and Alan Turing's papers have been purchased by a U.K. museum.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1118-b
Newsmakers
This week's Newsmakers are former Microsoft Chief Technology Officer Nathan Myhrvold, who has written a new cookbook, and Arun Majumdar, who has been appointed acting under secretary for energy at the Department of Energy.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1119-a
Random Sample
A massive exhibit opening this week features a brand-new reconstruction of Ötzi the Iceman. An Escherichia coli rendition of Google's logo has been entered in Google Demo Slam, a contest that pits one video against another and lets users vote on a champ. And this week's numbers quantify Indian S&T funding, threatened coral reefs, and clinical trials being submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1119-b
Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6021/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
Scientists Fear WFIRST Will Be Trailing the Pack
The 1990s were a decade of glory for U.S. astronomers, including the discovery of dark energy and planets outside the solar system. But the instrument that they say would keep them at the forefront may be too costly for the U.S. government to build.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1121
Do Island Sites Suggest a Coastal Route to the Americas?
On page 1181 of this week's issue of Science, archaeologists detail the remains of hunts carried out 12,000 years ago on Santa Rosa Island off the coast of California: thousands of bird, fish, and sea-mammal bones, as well as shells and stone points likely used in hunting.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1122
Feathers Are Flying Over Colombian Bird Name Flap
Last May, the American Bird Conservancy and its partner in Colombia, Fundación ProAves, announced the discovery of a new species of Neotropical bird. But the announcement made no mention of the bird's actual discoverer, a former employee of ProAves named Diego Carantón.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1123
Ten Years After Buddhas Destroyed, Afghans Work to Save Monastery
The 10th anniversary of the Taliban's destruction of the world's two largest Buddha statues and next week's opening of the first exhibit on the finds at Mes Aynak, another Buddhist complex 200 kilometers to the south, are putting the spotlight on Afghanistan's beleaguered heritage.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1124
Outrage Greets NSF Decision to End STEM Fellows Program
Researchers are shocked and upset by a decision by the U.S. National Science Foundation to cancel a high-profile and successful fellowship program that has brought more than 10,000 graduate students into elementary and secondary schools around the country.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1127
News Focus
Breaking the Chain in Bangladesh
Nipah virus has struck again in western Bangladesh, as it has done almost every winter since 2001. Scientists believe they know why the killer stalks this region—and are testing a simple intervention.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1128
A Startling Villain
The surprising culprit disease sleuths uncovered when villagers in northeastern Bangladesh began dying 3 years ago sends a chilling warning to regions facing food shortages.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1130
Have Physicists Already Glimpsed Particles of Dark Matter?
The debate over that question suggests that the discovery of dark matter—whenever it comes—will be a murky affair.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1132
Keeping Europe's Basic Research Agency on Track
Helga Nowotny played a key role in the successful start of the European Research Council. As its president, the Austrian sociologist still has two major tasks ahead of her.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1134
Letters
Assessing Chemical Risk: Societies Offer Expertise
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6021/1136-a
A Defense of the Primitive Cheetah Skull
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6021/1136-b
A Defense of the Primitive Cheetah Skull—Response
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6021/1137-a
Habitats at Risk: A Step Forward, a Step Back
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6021/1137-b
Books et al.
Trailblazer for Patient-Centered Care
Harlan Krumholz
Surveying his career of studying geographic variation in medical practices and outcomes across the United States, Wennberg uses his findings to suggest steps toward more effective, patient-centered health care.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1138-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 25 February 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1138-b
Policy Forum
The Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Science-Policy Interface
C. Perrings et al.
Assessments must provide conditional predictions of the consequences of specific policy options, at well-defined spatial and temporal scales.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1139
Perspectives
Gradient Scaling and Growth
L. Le Goff and T. Lecuit
Tissue growth is controlled by the temporal variation in signaling by a morphogen along its concentration gradient.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1141
Toward Synthesis of Arbitrary Optical Waveforms
Deniz D. Yavuz
Light with different frequencies (colors) can be combined to synthesize optical waveforms such as square and sawtooth waves, as well as short pulses.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1142
Molecular Motors, Beauty in Complexity
James A. Spudich
X-ray crystallography provides some surprising insights into the dynein class of molecular motors.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1143
New Epigenetic Drivers of Cancers
S. J. Elsässer et al.
Mutations in proteins that control chromatin dynamics contribute to tumorigenesis.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1145
Local Peeling of Graphene
D. Gunlycke and P. E. Sheehan
A technique is demonstrated that allows single layers of graphene to be removed one layer at a time.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1146
Establishing the Secretion Hierarchy
L. M. Stamm and M. B. Goldberg
A large complex of type III protein secretion system components helps bacteria to invade their hosts.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1147
Review Articles
Controlling and Coordinating Development in Vector-Transmitted Parasites
Keith R. Matthews
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1149
Research Articles
Dynamics of Dpp Signaling and Proliferation Control
O. Wartlick et al.
Mitosis starts when morphogen signaling levels have increased by half since the beginning of the cell cycle.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1154
Crystal Structure of the Dynein Motor Domain
A. P. Carter et al.
The structure reveals the functional elements of the dynein motor and suggests how they change conformation during motility.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1159
Reports
Synthesis and Measurement of Ultrafast Waveforms from Five Discrete Optical Harmonics
H.-S. Chan et al.
Optical fields have been manipulated like radio frequencies into sawtooth and square-wave patterns.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1165
Layer-by-Layer Removal of Graphene for Device Patterning
A. Dimiev et al.
Reactions of graphene with zinc enable etching of a single graphene layer.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1168
Helix-Rod Host-Guest Complexes with Shuttling Rates Much Faster than Disassembly
Q. Gan et al.
A molecular helix wrapped around a rigid rod can unwind and move between binding sites.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1172
Oxygen Isotope Variations at the Margin of a CAI Records Circulation Within the Solar Nebula
J. I. Simon et al.
Isotope measurements within an inclusion in a meteorite reveal a record of processes in the early solar system.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1175
Dietary Change and Evolution of Horses in North America
M. C. Mihlbachler et al.
A survey of horse-teeth wear during the past 55 million years implies that evolutionary pressures were generally low.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1178
Paleoindian Seafaring, Maritime Technologies, and Coastal Foraging on California’s Channel Islands
J. M. Erlandson et al.
Archaeological sites reveal a variety of tools used to hunt marine birds, mammals, and fish 12,000 years ago.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1181
Pseudomonas sax Genes Overcome Aliphatic Isothiocyanate–Mediated Non-Host Resistance in Arabidopsis
J. Fan et al.
Natural-product effectors of disease resistance in Arabidopsis reveal complementary disabling mechanisms in the pathogen.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1185
A Sorting Platform Determines the Order of Protein Secretion in Bacterial Type III Systems
M. Lara-Tejero et al.
The bacterial enteropathogen Salmonella sorts its effector protein substrates prior to secretion.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1188
Three-Dimensional Model of Salmonella’s Needle Complex at Subnanometer Resolution
O. Schraidt and T. C. Marlovits
A cryo–electron microscopy structure of a bacterial secretion complex reveals threefold symmetry.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1192
Structures of SAS-6 Suggest Its Organization in Centrioles
M. van Breugel et al.
Self-assembly of a centriolar protein may contribute to organizing the cartwheel-like hub and establishing centriole symmetry.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1196
DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR Pathway Genes Are Frequently Altered in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Y. Jiao et al.
A rare but deadly form of human pancreatic cancer harbors mutations in chromatin remodeling genes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1199
Different B Cell Populations Mediate Early and Late Memory During an Endogenous Immune Response
K. A. Pape et al.
A cell enrichment technique reveals the dynamics of the endogenous memory B cell response.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1203
Enhancement of Consolidated Long-Term Memory by Overexpression of Protein Kinase M
in the Neocortex
R. Shema et al.
In rats, overexpression of a persistently active protein kinase C isoform enhances memories long after they have been formed.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6021/1207
Departments
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1214-a
Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1214-b
From the AAAS Office of Publishing and Member Services
LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES: Forensics Follows New Clues
Alan Dove
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6021/1211
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