Science Podcast In this week's show: The Sendai earthquake, fitness versus flexibility in evolution, refueling fuel cells, and more. Listen now.
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In this week's issue:
Editorial
Inspirational Chemistry
H. Gray and J. Labinger
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1365
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6023/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6023/twil.dtl
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1370-a
Around the World
In science news around the world this week, the U.S. has approved the first new lupus drug in 50 years, astronomers in South Africa are converting old telecommunications dishes into radio telescopes, a European court has ruled that cells derived from human embryonic stem cells are not patentable, a British museum has agreed to return human remains to Australian Aborigines, archaeologists are criticizing the ethics of a planned Smithsonian Institution exhibit, WHO has gotten mixed reviews for its H1N1 response, the U.S. Congress is moving toward a new patent standard that most of the world uses already, and earthquake-shattered Japan is confronting a nuclear crisis.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1370-b
Random Sample
Five years ago, Australian screenwriter Eron Sheean spent several months at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics as an artist in residence; now he's back with a film crew and actors to shoot a feature film there that he says is "a little science fiction and a little science fact." And this week's numbers quantify surface freshwater in Canada's boreal forest, the contribution of insect pollinators to global food production, and "hot papers" penned by genomicist Eric Lander.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1371
Newsmakers
This week's Newsmakers are Mohamed ElBaradei, former chief of the United Nations nuclear watchdog agency, who has announced his bid for the presidency of Egypt, and Boston pediatrician Howard Bauchner, who will be the next editor-in-chief of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1372-a
Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6023/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
Devastating Earthquake Defied Expectations
The astonishing power and unexpected location of last week's devastating earthquake in Japan expose the futility of forecasting where and when the next Big One will hit, geophysicists say.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1375
Waves of Destruction
Most deaths and much of the destruction from last week's powerful earthquake in Japan were the handiwork of the tsunami: Many victims knew the waves were coming but could not escape or didn't try until it was too late.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1376
Cold Almost-Stars May Herald Hordes of Unseen Lurkers
Astrophysicists have discovered the coldest brown dwarfs ever seen, one with a temperature of 300 kelvin and the other 370 K, they report this week.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1377
Attack on Climate Studies Would Shutter Entire DOE Biology Program
The Department of Energy's office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) would be shut down if a 2011 spending bill passed last month by the House of Representatives holds sway. Researchers say the assault on BER reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of the office's role in generating data for global climate models.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1378
A Strong Defense of Science—and a Stiff Upper Lip
Last week, Science sat down with several members of the advisory council for the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research to discuss the massive cuts being proposed for the program.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1379
News Focus
Quantum Mechanics Braces for the Ultimate Test
Most accept that the quantum world is a bizarre place, but this has yet to be proved beyond all doubt. Quantum cryptography is now providing the incentive for reality's toughest test.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1380
Embracing Invasives
The Galápagos, one of biodiversity's hot spots, has become a test case for a controversial approach to ecosystem management.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1383
Lost Causes Get New Hope
A commitment to "zero extinction" shines a spotlight on the world's most endangered species.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1385
Letters
Creating a Buzz About Insect Genomes
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6023/1386
Genomic Medicine: The Social Science View
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6023/1387-a
Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6023/1387-b
Genomic Medicine: Putting Our Tools to Use
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6023/1387-f
Books et al.
The Road to Flat TVs
Gerald R. Van Hecke
Dunmur and Sluckin offer nonspecialists a detailed history of research on liquid crystals from their late-19th-century discovery through to current applications.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1388
Living Inspired
Marc Lavine
The authors' profusely illustrated essays highlight state-of-the-art research into using materials and strategies from the world of nature as a source of technological innovation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1389-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 11 March 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1389-b
Policy Forum
An Emerging Role of Zoos to Conserve Biodiversity
D. A. Conde et al.
Roughly one in seven threatened terrestrial vertebrate species are held in captivity, a resource for ex situ conservation efforts.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1390
Perspectives
Chemically Tuned Myosin Motors
L. A. Leinwand and R. L. Moss
A molecule that activates the contractile protein myosin points to a potential new means of treating heart failure.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1392
Precipitation Climatology on Titan
Tetsuya Tokano
Recent equatorial rainfall on Titan reveals the global-scale seasonal migration of its intertropical convergence zone.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1393
A CRY to Rise
S. Hee Im and P. H. Taghert
Light-sensing CRYPTOCHROME activates the firing of neurons involved in circadian rhythms.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1394
Heat and Light Switch a Chiral Catalyst and Its Products
Takashi Ooi
A rotary molecular motor acts as a chiral catalyst and can produce products of either handedness after external stimuli change its structure.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1395
Meteoritic Clues Point Chromium Toward Earth's Core
William F. McDonough
The different chromium isotopic compositions of chondrites and the mantle offer insight into Earth's early history.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1397
Tracking State-to-State Bimolecular Reaction Dynamics in Solution
Stephen Bradforth
A bimolecular reaction can produce a large fraction of highly vibrationally excited products despite the collision and confinement effects of the surrounding liquid.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1398
Leon Knopoff (1925–2011)
P. M. Davis and D. D. Jackson
Interests in earthquake dynamics and music were driven by a seismologist's passion for understanding the physics behind pattern recognition.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1400
Review Articles
Experimental Philosophy and the Problem of Free Will
Shaun Nichols
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1401
Research Articles
Atmospheric PCO2 Perturbations Associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province
M. F. Schaller et al.
Emplacement of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province 200 million years ago greatly elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1404
CRYPTOCHROME Is a Blue-Light Sensor That Regulates Neuronal Firing Rate
K. J. Fogle et al.
Neurons in the brain that boost the morning response of the circadian rhythm are themselves directly responsive to light.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1409
Reports
Rapid and Extensive Surface Changes Near Titan’s Equator: Evidence of April Showers
E. P. Turtle et al.
The Cassini spacecraft detected signs of recent methane rainfall on Titan’s arid equatorial surface.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1414
Isotopic Evidence of Cr Partitioning into Earth’s Core
F. Moynier et al.
Chromium isotopes in meteorites reveal Earth’s accretion history.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1417
Direct Observation of Continuous Electric Dipole Rotation in Flux-Closure Domains in Ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3
C.-L. Jia et al.
Domains can be stabilized in a thin ferroelectric material through the continuous rotation of the dipoles.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1420
Vibrationally Quantum-State–Specific Reaction Dynamics of H Atom Abstraction by CN Radical in Solution
S. J. Greaves et al.
Molecular vibrations in a solution-phase reaction are detected at a level of detail rivaling that of gas-phase studies.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1423
Regeneration of Ammonia Borane Spent Fuel by Direct Reaction with Hydrazine and Liquid Ammonia
A. D. Sutton et al.
A method to regenerate lightweight, hydrogen-rich ammonia borane improves its prospects as a vehicular fuel source.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1426
Dynamic Control of Chiral Space in a Catalytic Asymmetric Reaction Using a Molecular Motor
J. Wang and B. L. Feringa
Photoisomerization of a molecular catalyst changes its conformation and switches the chirality of its reaction product.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1429
Second-Order Selection for Evolvability in a Large Escherichia coli Population
R. J. Woods et al.
Descendants of bacterial lineages that retained adaptation potential outcompeted competitors of higher fitness.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1433
Independent and Parallel Recruitment of Preexisting Mechanisms Underlying C4 Photosynthesis
N. J. Brown et al.
Recurrent evolution of C4 photosynthesis is due to conserved regulatory sequences that localize photosynthetic enzymes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1436
Cardiac Myosin Activation: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Systolic Heart Failure
F. I. Malik et al.
A small molecule improves cardiac function by accelerating the transition of myosin into a force-producing state.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1439
Reversal of Interlaminar Signal Between Sensory and Memory Processing in Monkey Temporal Cortex
D. Takeuchi et al.
Feed-forward signals flowing across cortical layers during sensory coding reverse direction during memory retrieval.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1443
A Brief Social-Belonging Intervention Improves Academic and Health Outcomes of Minority Students
G. M. Walton and G. L. Cohen
Reducing feelings of social exclusion yields lasting improvements in academic performance and health in college students.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1447
Direct Interaction of RNA Polymerase II and Mediator Required for Transcription in Vivo
J. Soutourina et al.
A direct functional contact of RNA polymerase II with Mediator activates transcription in eukaryotes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1451
Technical Comments
Comment on "Does the Hydrated Electron Occupy a Cavity?"
L. Turi and A. Madarász
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1387-c
Comment on "Does the Hydrated Electron Occupy a Cavity?"
L. D. Jacobson and J. M. Herbert
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1387-d
Response to Comments on "Does the Hydrated Electron Occupy a Cavity?"
R. E. Larsen et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6023/1387-e
Departments
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1455-a
Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6023/1455-b
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