Human Genome Anniversary A special month-long series celebrating the 10th anniversary of the sequencing of the human genome explores the impacts of the genomics revolution on science and society.
Science Podcast In this week's show: The human genome sequence 10 years on, evolving a protein container, the ecoresponsive water flea genome, and more. Listen now.
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In this week's issue:
Editorial
Lessons from Genomics
Bruce Alberts
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/511
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6017/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6017/twil.dtl
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/516-a
Around the World
In science news around the world this week, Egypt's political upheavals are threatening its famed antiquities, Intel is investing $100 million in computing and communications research, DOE is requesting big increases in two signature energy-research initiatives, 6000 transgenic dengue-fighting mosquitoes were released in Malaysia, preventive treatment was shown to reduce severe malaria in children up to age 5, CERN will wait another year before it shuts down the Large Hadron Collider for repairs, and 3000-year-old artifacts that were destroyed in a World War II bombing raid have been pieced back together and went on display in Berlin.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/516-b
Random Sample
"Bad Project," a lab-based parody of Lady Gaga's hit single "Bad Romance," has been viewed on YouTube more than 1.5 million times since it was posted on 20 January. Two hundred Cornell undergraduates swabbed their cheeks and submitted DNA samples to the Genographic Project, which tracks the history of human migration through DNA studies. And this week's numbers include funding to vaccinate children, carbon dioxide emissions, and university endowments.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/516-c
Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6017/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
Can Obama Strike a Deal With House Republicans?
Science talked with three Republican House members with seats on committees that oversee science about possible areas of agreement with the White House. Their answers suggest there may be some room for compromise on how best to foster innovation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/520
With Reforms Under Way, International Centers Ask: Where Is the Money?
Scientists and administrators involved in the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research say reforms aimed at reinvigorating research efforts and boosting financial support are bearing fruit, but they are also wondering what has happened to the promised money.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/522
USDA Decides Against New Regulation of GM Crops
After nearly 4 years of a court-imposed ban, U.S. farmers will once again be able to plant genetically modified alfalfa. The high-stakes decision was announced last week by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/523
Obama Shifts Focus From Emissions to 'Clean' Energy
Letting market forces help the United States reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by choosing "cleaner" sources of electricity has been a popular notion among some Republicans. Now the idea has a new advocate: President Barack Obama.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/524
NIH Report Urges Greater Emphasis on Training for All Graduate Students
A new report by the flagship training institute at the U.S. National Institutes of Health attempts to redefine the goals of graduate and postdoctoral training and prods biomedical scientists to become better mentors.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/525
News Focus
Waiting for the Revolution
Having the complete human DNA sequence hasn't yet produced big advances in primary medicine, prompting some to ask what's delaying the genomic revolution in health care.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/526
Human Genetics in the Clinic, One Click Away
At Intermountain Healthcare network in Salt Lake City, geneticists are using digital tools to slip up-to-date education into the daily run of medicine in ways that doctors may find helpful.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/528
The Human Genome (Patent) Project
A decade of research has scientists asking if patent priorities are misaligned.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/530
Letters
Benefits of Intertwining Teaching and Research
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6017/532-a
Healthcare Venture Capital for Africa
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6017/532-b
Healthcare Venture Capital for Africa—Response
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6017/533
Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6017/534
Books et al.
Bringing Galileo to Life
Renée J. Raphael
Heilbron's rich biography portrays Galileo's work in the context of the social and cultural world of early modern Italy.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/535
Linked by Migrating Waterfowl
Frederick R. Davis
Focusing on the western United States, Wilson describes efforts over the past century to meet the needs of migrant ducks and geese in landscapes transformed by human demands for agriculture and water.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/536-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 28 January 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/536-b
Policy Forum
Better Science Needed for Restoration in the Gulf of Mexico
K. A. Bjorndal et al.
In the wake of the BP oil spill, U.S. agencies need research plans to collect data that will aid in managing and assessing marine species and ecosystems.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/537
Perspectives
A Genome for the Environment
Dieter Ebert
Gene duplication might explain the phenotypic adaptability of water fleas.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/539
Climate and Human Evolution
Peter B. deMenocal
Climate change and its effects on African ecosystems may have played a key role in human evolution.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/540
Happy People Live Longer
Bruno S. Frey
The pursuit of happiness can have concrete benefits for well-being.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/542
A Translational Pause to Localize
D. Ron and K. Ito
Cells optimize the response to protein stress by controlling the localization and splicing of an mRNA that encodes a transcription factor.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/543
Exciton Quenching and Migration in Single Conjugated Polymers
Christopher Bardeen
Single-molecule spectroscopy helps reveal the electronic transport mechanisms in polymer chains.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/544
Review Articles
A Parsimonious Model for Gene Regulation by miRNAs
S. Djuranovic et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/550
Brevia
The 2010 Amazon Drought
S. L. Lewis et al.
Amazonia experienced lower rainfall and higher calculated carbon emissions from tree deaths than in the 2005 drought.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/554
Research Articles
The Ecoresponsive Genome of Daphnia pulex
J. K. Colbourne et al.
The Daphnia genome reveals a multitude of genes and shows adaptation through gene family expansions.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/555
Reports
KOI-126: A Triply Eclipsing Hierarchical Triple with Two Low-Mass Stars
J. A. Carter et al.
The Kepler telescope detected a triple stellar system and reveals details of the structure of low-mass stars.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/562
Ultralong-Range Polaron-Induced Quenching of Excitons in Isolated Conjugated Polymers
J. C. Bolinger et al.
Visualization of the fluorescence of a single–conducting-polymer chain provides insight into energy-relaxation mechanisms.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/565
Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials
J. N. Coleman et al.
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides, such as tungsten disulfide, are exfoliated into atomically thin flakes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/568
Protein Native-State Stabilization by Placing Aromatic Side Chains in N-Glycosylated Reverse Turns
E. K. Culyba et al.
Protein reverse turns that interact with a phenlyalanine group allow stable introduction of glycan groups at asparagine residues.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/571
Seasonal Erosion and Restoration of Mars’ Northern Polar Dunes
C. J. Hansen et al.
High-resolution images of Mars show active sand transport on northern polar dunes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/575
2500 Years of European Climate Variability and Human Susceptibility
U. Büntgen et al.
Variability of central European temperature and precipitation shows correlations with some major historical changes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/578
Passive Origins of Stomatal Control in Vascular Plants
T. J. Brodribb and S. A. M. McAdam
The transition from passive to active metabolic control of stomata and plant water balance occurred about 360 million years ago.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/582
Translational Pausing Ensures Membrane Targeting and Cytoplasmic Splicing of XBP1u mRNA
K. Yanagitani et al.
A peptide-mediated translational pause facilitates the unconventional splicing of a messenger RNA on the endoplasmic reticulum.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/586
Directed Evolution of a Protein Container
B. Wörsdörfer et al.
An engineered protein container protects its bacterial host by efficient and selective encapsulation of a toxic protease.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/589
Aberrant Overexpression of Satellite Repeats in Pancreatic and Other Epithelial Cancers
D. T. Ting et al.
Noncoding RNAs transcribed from DNA repeats in heterochromatin are expressed at surprisingly high levels in tumors.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/593
A Cryptic Subgroup of Anopheles gambiae Is Highly Susceptible to Human Malaria Parasites
M. M. Riehle et al.
Collecting mosquito larvae from West African ponds has revealed a previously unknown but highly abundant genotype.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/596
Action-Potential Modulation During Axonal Conduction
T. Sasaki et al.
The waveform of an action potential can be physiologically modified while it travels along the axon.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6017/599
Departments
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/625-a
Gordon Research Conferences
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/602
Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6017/625-b
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