| Science Podcast In this week's show: Fighting malaria with transgenic fungi, exploiting genomics, your letters to Science, and more. Listen now. | | Human Genome Anniversary A special month-long series commemorating the 10th anniversary of the sequencing of the human genome continues in the 25 February issue.
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In this week's issue:
Editorial
Advancing Regulatory Science
Margaret A. Hamburg
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/987
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6020/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6020/twil.dtl
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/992-a
Around the World
In science news around the world this week, a student lab worker has become the first person in the United States to catch cowpox, India may join the U.S. MoonRise mission, Japan's whaling season was cut short, IBM's factoid-spewing supercomputer Watson is turning its talents to medicine, and the U.S. House of Representatives approved a budget that would trim roughly $5 billion from current federal spending on research.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/992-b
Random Sample
A company has designed a supercompact fusion reactor. A retired schoolteacher is among the winners of the 2010 Wellcome Image Awards. An international group of mathematicians hopes create a "periodic table" for shapes. And this week's numbers quantify scientific literacy, global funding for research into neglected diseases, and lost-and-found species.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/992-c
AAAS Meeting
At this year's AAAS annual meeting, it was reported that infants can distinguish between two languages they've never heard before just by looking at the face of a speaker, methane from the Gulf of Mexico oil spill may be migrating undigested, a seaweed could be used to fight malaria, and overfishing has drastically altered the balance of biomass in the world's oceans.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/995
Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6020/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
Post-Mubarak Era Seen as Opening for Science
As the country's universities prepare to reopen on 26 February after a youth-powered revolution toppled the government, Egyptian and foreign researchers see an opportunity to elevate science, if decades of neglect and corruption can be overcome.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/996
House Cuts to DOE National Labs Would Also Hamstring Industry
A spending bill passed by the House of Representatives last week would bring the Department of Energy's entire science program to a screeching halt and wreak havoc on research funded by other agencies and by private industry.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/997
Researchers Use Weather Radar to Track Bat Movements
A bat ecologist has discovered that the weather strongly affects the behavior of at least one bat species, she and her colleagues reported on 19 February at the AAAS annual meeting.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/998
Schooling the Jeopardy! Champ: Far From Elementary
Last week, Nico Schlaefer, a Ph.D. candidate in computer science at Carnegie Mellon University and an IBM Ph.D. Fellow, told Science about the algorithm he contributed to the now-world-famous Watson computer.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/999
Activists Go on Warpath Against Transgenic Crops—and Scientists
Wu You Zhi Xiang, a loose-knit group known in English as Utopia, is gathering signatures on an open letter denouncing genetically modified (GM) crops. Few observers expect Utopia's petition to sway the Chinese government, which has enshrined transgenic crop R&D as a top priority. But Utopia's actions may well slow commercialization of GM foods.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1000
News Focus
Second Thoughts About CT Imaging
Concern that CT scan radiation is causing cancer has focused public scrutiny on radiologists and medical physicists—and riled up controversy among them. Can they find a solution?
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1002
Decision-Making
In 2005, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) created and implemented a program that scores the appropriateness of a CT scan every time a doctor orders one and compares its worth to that of other imaging techniques given the patient's symptoms. As a result, the quarterly growth rate in MGH's use of CT scans has dropped from 3% to 0.25%.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1003
Beyond Human: New Faces, Fields Exploit Genomics
Fast new genomics technology is not just for human geneticists and biomedical researchers anymore.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1005-a
Tracing the Tree of Life
With the help of next-generation sequencing, a team of evolutionary biologists is shining a scientific spotlight on little-studied organisms in order to refine the much-debated animal tree of life.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1005-b
Using DNA to Reveal a Mosquito's History
Evolutionary geneticists are applying next-generation DNA sequencing tools to probe further details of the evolutionary history of the mosquito Wyeomyia smithii, which became a poster child for climate change when it was found to have migrated north in response to global warming.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1006
Tackling the Mystery of the Disappearing Frogs
The chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, has wiped out amphibians around the globe. The results of new sequencing technologies that directly decipher all the active genes of a species suggest that in susceptible frogs, the immune system doesn't go on the defensive; the fungi somehow evades the body's defenses.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1007
Digging Deep Into the Microbiome
A new analysis of the gut microbes of 146 people, made possible by the lower cost and higher efficiency of DNA sequencing, is providing researchers a new way to evaluate which genes are "must-haves" for the microbes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1008
Probing Pronghorn Mating Preferences
Animal behaviorists suspect that female pronghorns choose mates with the lowest burden of so-called deleterious mutations. Thanks to the growing availability of next-generation DNA sequencing, they may finally have a chance to prove this theory.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1009
Letters
A Vote for Scientists as Politicians
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6020/1010-a
Societal Benefits of Network Science
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6020/1010-b
Teaching Science Appreciation
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6020/1010-c
High Marks for Transformative Teachers
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6020/1011-c
High Marks for Transformative Teachers—Response
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6020/1011-d
Books et al.
Heisenberg in the "Public Sphere"
Suman Seth
Drawing on extensive research and interviews, Carson offers a detailed yet accessible consideration of Heisenberg's roles in postwar Germany.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1012-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 18 February 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1012-b
Policy Forum
Linking Policy on Climate and Food
H. C. J. Godfray et al.
Agriculture and the food system need to move center stage in preparing for UN climate negotiations in December 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1013
Perspectives
Systems Genetics
J. H. Nadeau and A. M. Dudley
Systems genetics is the next frontier in systems biology and medicine.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1015
Deeper Tissue Imaging with Total Detection
Enrico Gratton
Optical images of tissue can be obtained from greater depth when multiphoton-excited fluorescence is collected from all around a sample.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1016
Preference by Exclusion
L. A. Godley and A. Mondragón
The structure of a methyltransferase indicates how the enzyme selects its DNA substrates.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1017
Sulfur Surprises in Deep Geological Fluids
Craig E. Manning
Sulfur in hot, high-pressure water exists in an unexpected form, S3–, that changes our understanding of processes as varied as ore formation and volcano degassing.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1018
Functional Extinctions of Bird Pollinators Cause Plant Declines
Cagan H. Sekercioglu
Researchers have documented how the loss of pollinating birds affects a plant that depends on them.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1019
mRNA Delivers the Goods
Kumaran S. Ramamurthi
In bacteria, RNAs contribute to the proper localization of the proteins they encode.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1021
Science Starts Early
Frank C. Keil
Infants and children grasp surprisingly sophisticated correlational and causal patterns.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1022
Review Articles
Homoplasy: From Detecting Pattern to Determining Process and Mechanism of Evolution
D. B. Wake et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1032
Research Articles
Structure of DNMT1-DNA Complex Reveals a Role for Autoinhibition in Maintenance DNA Methylation
J. Song et al.
The eukaryote maintenance DNA methyltransferase discriminates against de novo CpG methylation sites.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1036
Reports
The Formation and Fragmentation of Disks Around Primordial Protostars
P. C. Clark et al.
Numerical simulations show that disks around the first stars in the universe were gravitationally unstable and fragmented.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1040
Suppression of Collisional Shifts in a Strongly Interacting Lattice Clock
M. D. Swallows et al.
Increasing atomic interactions improved the accuracy and precision of a clock formed from atoms trapped in an optical lattice.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1043
Direct Measurement of Long-Range Third-Order Coherence in Bose-Einstein Condensates
S. S. Hodgman et al.
Correlation of arrival times of metastable helium atoms is consistent with long-range coherence to higher orders.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1046
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of an Iron(V) Nitride
J. J. Scepaniak et al.
A reactive iron compound bound to nitrogen has been isolated in an unusually high oxidation state.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1049
The S3– Ion Is Stable in Geological Fluids at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures
G. S. Pokrovski and L. S. Dubrovinsky
Instead of sulfide or sulfate, the trisulfur ion S3– is stable at high temperatures.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1052
The Response of Vegetation on the Andean Flank in Western Amazonia to Pleistocene Climate Change
M. L. Cárdenas et al.
Pleistocene climate fluctuations caused major shifts in the altitudinal distribution of forest plant species.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1055
A Terminal Pleistocene Child Cremation and Residential Structure from Eastern Beringia
B. A. Potter et al.
Cremated remains and a burial site in central Alaska provide information on early humans in North America.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1058
The Developmental Role of Agouti in Color Pattern Evolution
M. Manceau et al.
A regulatory mutation affecting expression of the Agouti gene shows color-specific selection in beach mice.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1062
Global Invasion History of the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta
M. S. Ascunce et al.
Argentine fire ants have spread around the world from a population that was first established a century ago in North America.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1066
Cascading Effects of Bird Functional Extinction Reduce Pollination and Plant Density
S. H. Anderson et al.
Loss of pollinator services is reducing the population density of a New Zealand shrub.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1068
Global Tissue Revolutions in a Morphogenetic Movement Controlling Elongation
S. L. Haigo and D. Bilder
The ellipsoid shape of the Drosophila egg is controlled by global tissue revolutions that polarize the matrix.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1071
Development of Transgenic Fungi That Kill Human Malaria Parasites in Mosquitoes
W. Fang et al.
Insect-specific fungi can be used to deliver a range of toxins, antibodies, and other agents to kill vector-born pathogens.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1074
Transient Regenerative Potential of the Neonatal Mouse Heart
E. R. Porrello et al.
The heart in a newborn mouse can rebuild itself after injury, but this regenerative capacity is lost within a few days.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1078
Translation-Independent Localization of mRNA in E. coli
K. Nevo-Dinur et al.
Sequences within messenger RNAs target them to sites in the bacterial cell where the resulting proteins function.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1081
Technical Comments
Comment on "Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates"
M. B. Croon et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1011-a
Response to Comment on "Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates"
C. Adam and V. Vidal
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6020/1011-b
Departments
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1085-a
Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1085-b
AAAS News and Notes
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6020/1030
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