Special Issue: Dealing with Data Science and its sister publications explore the issues surrounding the growing influx of research data. Access to this special collection and related online discussion is FREE.
| Science Podcast In this week's show: Genomic and climate data challenges, the world's technological capacity, and more. Listen now. | Human Genome Anniversary A special month-long series commemorating the 10th anniversary of the sequencing of the human genome continues in the 11 February issue. |
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In this week's issue:
Editorial
Making Data Maximally Available
B. Hanson et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/649
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6018/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6018/twil.dtl
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/654-a
Around the World
In science news around the world this week, Pfizer is cutting its R&D spending, the U.S. Congress has sworn off earmarks, one of the Channel Islands has been named the world's first "dark sky island," a Japanese volcano is gathering steam, the Great Barrier Reef escaped being battered by the recent hurricane, drillers still have not reached subglacial Lake Vostok, and European research funding is being revamped.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/654-b
Random Sample
A research expedition in New Zealand has once again caught sight of a lost natural wonder; U.K. archaeologists are protesting new restrictions on excavations; and a new survey tallies up the impact of an uncertain political environment on stem cell research. In this week's numbers: U.S. budget cuts, safeguarding specimens of threatened North American plant species, and a new science documentary film initiative.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/654-c
Newsmakers
Newsmakers this week include Boston neurologist Seward Rutkove, who has scored $1 million for developing a new way to track the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and German anesthesiologist Joachim Boldt, who may have as many as 90 of his papers retracted as a result of an ongoing investigation of his work.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/655
Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6018/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
Pfizer's Shakeup Means Less Money for Research
The pharmaceutical giant Pfizer has announced it will lay off thousands of workers and cut its research and development budget by between $1.5 billion and $2 billion in 2012.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/658
From Nuclear Watchdog to the Maelstrom of Cairo
Mohamed ElBaradei, the former head of the International Atomic Energy Agency, recently became a central figure in the antigovernment protests in Egypt and is on a steering committee of opposition leaders.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/659
The Genome Project: What Will It Do as a Teenager?
The 10th anniversary of the completion of the draft human genome sequence has been a time for celebration—and also for sober stock-taking. Eric Green, director of the U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute, discussed the institute's 10-year map with Science in an interview.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/660
Ending Earmarks Also Means the End Of Many Research Projects
The last pillar supporting congressional earmarks crumbled last week, dooming the controversial practice for at least the next 2 years. Turning off the spigot will have a dramatic impact on scientists who receive the money and perhaps also on the societal problems they are tackling.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/661
News Focus
What Would You Do?
As technology makes it easier to sequence people's DNA for research, scientists are facing tough decisions over what information to give back.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/662
Will Computers Crash Genomics?
New technologies are making sequencing DNA easier and cheaper than ever, but the ability to analyze and store all that data is lagging.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/666
Coming Soon to a Lab Near You: Drag-and-Drop Virtual Worlds
Researchers at Microsoft hope to convince scientists that transparent, easy-to-tweak numerical simulations are as straightforward as clicking a mouse.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/669
Letters
Undercutting the Grant Process
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6018/673-a
Assessing Performance Through Understanding
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6018/673-b
Leading the Charge to Virtual Meetings
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6018/674-a
No Mystery About the Polio Outbreak
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6018/674-b
Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6018/674-c
Books et al.
Is New Madrid Dead?
Michael Hamburger
Stein argues that earthquake risks from the New Madrid fault have been overestimated and thus have led to a misallocation of research and preparation funds.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/675
Bounds and Vision
Mason A. Porter
This book and the associated continuing exhibition comprise a rather diverse collection of visualizations of the structure, contents, and concepts of science and technology.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/676-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 04 February 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/676-b
Policy Forum
Measuring the Results of Science Investments
J. Lane and S. Bertuzzi
Science agencies and research institutions are building the infrastructure to evaluate results of federal funding of scientific research.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/678
Perspectives
The Eukaryotic Ribosome
V. Ramakrishnan
New crystal structures break impasse, offer insight into how eukaryotes synthesize proteins.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/681
Learning from Nature
Jeffrey O. Kephart
The developmental biology of a fly's bristles leads to a better computer network algorithm.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/682
The Lives of Proteins
Joshua B. Plotkin
A new method to measure protein dynamics in living cells reveals how protein removal regulates cell physiology.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/683
The Genetics of Primary Aldosteronism
John W. Funder
Adrenal gland tumor growth and increased aldosterone production are linked to mutations in a potassium channel.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/685
Astronomy in the Time Domain
Elisa Bernardini
Coordination between various instruments provides a real-time aspect to observing transient astrophysical events.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/686
Unusual Thermoelastic Properties of Methanol Monohydrate
J. N. Grima et al.
A simple material can shrink in one direction when heated, and expand in that direction when squeezed by hydrostatic pressure
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/687
Research Articles
Crystal Structure of the Eukaryotic 40S Ribosomal Subunit in Complex with Initiation Factor 1
J. Rabl et al.
The structure provides insight into how protein synthesis is initiated and into the evolution of the eukaryotic ribosome.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/730
Reports
Discovery of Powerful Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula
M. Tavani et al.
Gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula by two different space telescopes challenge particle acceleration theory.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/736
Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula
A. A. Abdo et al.
Gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula by two different space telescopes challenge particle acceleration theory.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/739
Negative Linear Compressibility and Massive Anisotropic Thermal Expansion in Methanol Monohydrate
A. D. Fortes et al.
At low temperatures, a simple molecular crystal can shrink along one axis when heated and expand along it when compressed.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/742
Increasing Solar Absorption for Photocatalysis with Black Hydrogenated Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystals
X. Chen et al.
An amorphous surface layer on titantium dioxide nanoparticles creates electronic states that allow longer-wavelength photoexcitation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/746
Complete Fourth Metatarsal and Arches in the Foot of Australopithecus afarensis
C. V. Ward et al.
A long bone of the foot of an early human indicates that its foot was stiff and arched, as in modern humans.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/750
Embryological Evidence Identifies Wing Digits in Birds as Digits 1, 2, and 3
K. Tamura et al.
Digit identities in living birds are the same as in three-fingered dinosaurs, in agreement with paleontological evidence.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/753
Structure of MyTH4-FERM Domains in Myosin VIIa Tail Bound to Cargo
L. Wu et al.
Structural data suggest how mutations in a myosin tail cause deafness in humans.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/757
HSPC117 Is the Essential Subunit of a Human tRNA Splicing Ligase Complex
J. Popow et al.
The human enzyme that joins transfer RNA exons together is discovered.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/760
Proteome Half-Life Dynamics in Living Human Cells
E. Eden et al.
In times of stress, long-lived proteins increase their durability.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/764
K+ Channel Mutations in Adrenal Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas and Hereditary Hypertension
M. Choi et al.
Potassium channel mutations drive both cell growth and hormone production in an adrenal tumor that causes severe hypertension.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/768
Retrieval Practice Produces More Learning than Elaborative Studying with Concept Mapping
J. D. Karpicke and J. R. Blunt
Two different ways of thinking through texts are compared for learning value.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/772
Leishmania RNA Virus Controls the Severity of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
A. Ives et al.
An RNA virus of a parasite binds to human Toll-like receptor 3 and modulates host immune responses to the parasite.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/775
Posttranslational Modification of Pili upon Cell Contact Triggers N. meningitidis Dissemination
J. Chamot-Rooke et al.
Regulated deaggregation allows meningitis-causing bacteria to propagate to new host cells and migrate across epithelia.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6018/778
Departments
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/783-a
Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6018/783-b
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